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- Physical & Cyber Security
Hydropower Cyber-Physical Reference Framework
Lead Companies
PNNL
Lead Researcher (s)
- Kenneth Ham
This project will support the Water Power Technologies Office efforts to secure infrastructure associated with an increasingly automated and connected hydropower fleet. Energy security will be enhanced by shortening the timelines for the identification and mitigation of risks. Successful mitigation will enhance the reliability and resiliency of the U.S. power grid. Achieving security in the application of automation will enable more flexible operations, improving the ability to provide auxiliary services which support grid stability.
Technology Application
Physical & Cyber Security
Research Category
Research Sub-Category
Status
ongoing
Completion Date
TBD
- Physical & Cyber Security
Hydropower Fleet Cybersecurity Response and Recovery Guide
Lead Companies
PNNL
Lead Researcher (s)
- Darlene Thorsen
This project will support the nation’s hydropower facilities by producing a guide that will be usable by hydropower owner/operators to respond and recover from a cyberattack on critical control systems.
Technology Application
Physical & Cyber Security
Research Category
Research Sub-Category
Status
ongoing
Completion Date
TBD
- Conventional Hydro
Hydropower Fleet Intelligence
Lead Companies
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)
Lead Researcher (s)
- Pradeep Ramuhalli (ramuhallip@ornl.gov)
Hydropower Fleet Intelligence (HFI) provides tools for analysis to identify patterns, trends, and relationships between unit configuration, operations and maintenance (O&M) costs, equipment condition, dispatch history, and other asset data. The project also benchmarks data sets with industry-wide data and provides insights into the impacts of evolving operational contexts on O&M practices and costs. This capability allows hydropower asset managers to use data and predictive models to make better decisions regarding operations and maintenance to increase asset reliability and extend asset lifetimes while minimizing the cost of operations and maintenance.
Technology Application
Conventional Hydro
Research Category
Powerhouse Equipment
Research Sub-Category
Asset Management
Status
ongoing
Completion Date
TBD
- Conventional Hydro
Hydropower Flexibility Framework
Lead Companies
EPRI
Lead Researcher (s)
- Joe Stekli
develop an industry‐recognized methodology and framework for calculating the flexibility that hydropower assets can provide
Technology Application
Conventional Hydro
Research Category
Interconnect Integration and Markets
Research Sub-Category
Renewable Integration
Status
ongoing
Completion Date
TBD
- Conventional Hydro
Hydropower Flexibility Framework [HydroWIRES]
Lead Companies
EPRI
Lead Researcher (s)
- Francisco Kuljevan, fkuljevan@epri.com
As the generation mix on the grid shifts towards VRE, flexibility services are increasingly in demand. Maintaining reliability and resilience in this context requires operators and regulators to be able to accurately assess exactly how much flexibility exists in the hydropower fleet. This project will develop an industry-recognized methodology and framework for calculating the flexibility that hydropower assets can provide, demonstrate the validity of the approaches and the viability of comprehensive application across the fleet, and establish a platform for future flexibility assessments. Technology Application
Conventional Hydro
Research Category
Interconnect Integration and Markets
Research Sub-Category
Renewable Integration
Status
ongoing
Completion Date
TBD
- Conventional Hydro
Hydropower Geotechnical Foundations Prize
Lead Companies
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)
Lead Researcher (s)
- Scott DeNeale (denealest@ornl.gov)
The Hydropower Geotechnical Foundations Prize competition, administered by NREL with support from ORNL, offered multiple cash prizes to elicit and advance innovative concepts for low-head (up to 30 ft of hydraulic head) hydropower geotechnical foundation technologies. The competition incentivized transformative methods or technologies for geotechnical foundations of hydropower facilities that significantly reduce foundation development time, costs, and risk across three development phases (geotechnical site assessment, design, and construction), with a minimal environmental footprint. The Groundbreaking Hydro Prize Competition was preceded by a Hydropower Geotechnical Foundations Report prepared and published by ORNL, made available before the Prize release.
Technology Application
Conventional Hydro
Research Category
Research Sub-Category
Status
ongoing
Completion Date
2020
- Conventional Hydro
Hydropower Operations in the Colorado River Basin: Institutional Analysis of Opportunities and Constraints
Lead Companies
University of Arizona
Lead Researcher (s)
- Surabhi Karambelkar
The Colorado River Basin is facing an unprecedented drought. In ongoing drought management efforts, limited attention has been paid to hydropower generation. While some studies do exist on hydropower, they are quantitative in nature and focus on calculating the reduction in megawatts generated at dams in the Basin with declining water availability. These studies simplify the complex process of hydropower generation; water availability is but one factor that impacts hydropower generation. At a more fundamental level, formal institutional arrangements, that is, laws, policies, and rules create the framework within which dams are operated and hydropower is generated. This paper conducts a comparative institutional analysis of water, environment, and energy laws and policies and changes therein to understand the constraints and opportunities faced by hydropower generation in the Colorado River Basin. To tease out the nuances in how institutional arrangements affect dam operations and hydropower generation, the comparative analysis focuses on the two largest and strategically important dams in the Basin: Hoover and Glen Canyon. This paper uses Elinor Ostrom’s Institutional Analysis and Development Framework to analyze laws and policies at three levels: constitutional-choice, collective-choice, and operational levels. Constitutional-choice level laws and policies apply to the entire Basin, whereas collective-choice level and operational level laws and policies are dam specific. Hoover and Glen Canyon Dams face similar biophysical challenges by the virtue of their location in the same river basin. Yet, despite the similarity in the biophysical setting, the analysis in this study finds that the differences in the applicability of constitutional-choice level laws along with the differences in dam specific collective-choice and operational level institutional arrangements produce a distinct set of constraints for hydropower generation at Hoover and Glen Canyon Dams. Even without a drought, water and environmental laws at both the constitutionalchoice and collective choice levels as well as power contracts constrain hydropower generation and limit the flexibility with which Glen Canyon Dam can be operated. Water and environmental laws also impose specific water release requirements that, at times, require off-peak power generation at Glen Canyon Dam. On the other hand, even with a drought, Hoover Dam faces limited hydropower generation constraints and can operate flexibly. This is because constitutional-choice level laws and dam-specific collective-choice and operational level laws pose limited constraints for flexible daily operations at Hoover. The result is that Hoover Dam can generate hydropower at the same level as it did three decades ago and operate flexibly to provide ancillary services and peaking generation. While water and environmental laws and policies pose constraints for hydropower generation, the analysis in this study further finds that specific historic provisions within energyrelated institutional arrangements and recent changes within power contracts have maintained and even enhanced the value of hydropower to power customers. Historic institutional provisions ensure that hydropower is sold ‘at cost’ making this resource economically competitive with wholesale electricity market rates. Recent power contract modifications have resulted in the amendment of an older resale prohibition clause to expand the flexibility available to power customers in using their capacity and/or energy allocation in RTOs, ISOs, and bulk power markets. This amendment has opened up an opportunity for customers, especially Hoover power customers, to use flexible generation and ancillary services in a market environment. In addition, the extension of power contract duration to the legally maximum term has enhanced the reliability and stability of this resource for customers. In the Colorado River Basin, despite the enduring economic responsibility of power customers—where laws require customers to pay for a large portion of construction and O&M costs whether or not they actually receive hydropower— the persistent threat of a drought-induced water shortage, and constraints imposed by water and environmental laws and policies, power customers continue to invest in this resource as energy-related institutional arrangements and power contract provisions protect the reasons why they value hydropower. Lastly, the analysis in this study finds that the consequences of changes in hydropower generation for energy users, irrigators, and environmental programs in the Basin depend on how specific institutional arrangements tie electricity revenues to irrigation aid and environmental programs, and how the power contracts themselves are set up. Collective-choice level institutional arrangements create a higher level of financial dependency of irrigation aid and environmental programs on electricity revenues in the Upper Basin—the legal subdivision of Colorado River where Glen Canyon Dam is located—compared to the Lower Basin—the legal subdivision of Colorado River where Hoover Dam is located. Therefore, changes in hydropower generation or the way its revenue is collected and used will have far reacting detrimental consequences for the Upper Basin. Likewise, differences in the nature of power contracts for Glen Canyon and Hoover Dams also creates differences in the financial impact incurred by energy users when there is a reduction in hydropower generation. While this study identifies the types of impacts on resource users as a result of specific institutional arrangements, the calculation of extent of impact warrants further attention. Hydropower in the United States is in a unique position today. The strategic importance of this resource for the nation’s electricity sector is rapidly growing even as its contribution to overall electricity generation remains fairly small. This strategic importance, however, is built hydropower’s ability to operate flexibly in order to support the integration of intermittent renewable generating sources and the expansion of electricity markets. As this study shows, such flexibility may not be available at certain plants not due to the lack of water availability but because of institutional constraints. Institutional arrangements may also require dam operators to first consider high priority water uses (such as irrigation or environmental needs), which in turn may limit the ability to generate hydropower when it is most valuable or useful. Engineering and quantitative models, such as production cost models, recognize policy constraints for hydropower operations but often inadequately capture or assume away such constraints in the models. A failure to account for policy constraints in these models runs the risk of inaccurate representation of the operational flexibility and capacity available at specific hydropower plants, which can result in over/underestimation of hydropower’s ability to support the integration of variable renewable resources and address grid reliability concerns. Against this background, this paper and the analysis herein serves as an example of how we can systematically identify institutional constraints (and opportunities) that influence the flexibility in not only generating electricity at specific dams but also using this hydropower once it is generated.
Technology Application
Conventional Hydro
Research Category
Powerhouse Equipment
Research Sub-Category
Asset Management
Status
complete
Completion Date
2018
- Conventional Hydro
Hydropower Storage Capacity Dataset [HydroWIRES]
Lead Companies
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)
Lead Researcher (s)
- Carly Hansen, hansench@ornl.gov
Accurate descriptions of existing storage capabilities and constraints of conventional hydropower projects are essential for understanding how existing conventional hydropower reservoirs can support grid reliability and transitioning energy sources (i.e., intermittent sources that require substantial storage). This information helps inform flexible plant operation and potential management strategies. Coarse estimates of energy storage can be derived from reservoir-specific volume and elevation characteristics and simple power plant capacities; more realistic and finer-scale estimates must also account for hydrologic variability and hydraulic and operational constraints. This project catalogs and define types of storage (with increasing levels of detail and complexity) and translate these types of storage into MWh and duration of energy generation. Methodologies to estimate fundamental characteristics of reservoirs and their storage capacity and duration will be developed and applied for across the fleet of conventional US hydropower reservoirs, which will enable more comprehensive evaluations of storage and flexibility for a broader suite of hydropower resources.
Technology Application
Conventional Hydro
Research Category
Technology
Research Sub-Category
Hydraulic Forecasting
Status
ongoing
Completion Date
TBD
- Conventional Hydro
Hydropower Training Project
Lead Companies
CEATI International
Lead Researcher (s)
- #0431
4 modules developed so far: Module 1 – General Features and Role of Hydropower Projects and Systems; Module 2 – Load-Resource Analysis; Module 3 – Operating Objectives and Principles for Water Management; Module 4 – Hydrologic Data
Technology Application
Conventional Hydro
Research Category
Interconnect Integration and Markets
Research Sub-Category
Hydraulic Forecasting
Status
complete
Completion Date
2020
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Contact Marla Barnes at: marla@hydro.org