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Pumped Storage1836-1517 Valuing PHS with high REN
Lead Companies
GE
Lead Researcher (s)
- David Havard
Project will help industry to understand how various PSH designs, namely variable speed and synchronous drive, provide value to the electrical system under high intermittent renewables.
Technology Application
Pumped Storage
Research Category
Interconnect Integration and Markets
Research Sub-Category
Renewable Integration
Status
ongoing
Completion Date
2020
- Pumped Storage
A Comparison of the Environmental Effects of Open-Loop and Closed-Loop Pumped Storage Hydropower
Lead Companies
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Lead Researcher (s)
- Bo Saulsbury
Pumped storage hydropower (PSH) is a type of energy storage that uses the pumping and release of water between two reservoirs at different elevations to store water and generate electricity. When demand for electricity is low, a PSH project can use low cost energy to pump water from the lower reservoir to the upper reservoir for storage. When demand for electricity is high, a PSH project can release water from the upper reservoir through a powerhouse to generate electricity. Traditionally, this meant that PSH plants generated power during the day and pumped at night, with modest diurnal or seasonal variation.Today, PSH pumping operations are changing to facilitate the integration of the tremendous growth of variable renewable energy (VRE) generating resources, especially wind and solar, on the U.S. grid. PSH facilities are often a least cost option for high capacity (both energy and power), long-duration storage, and can provide the flexibility and fast response that a high-VRE-penetration grid requires. PSH faces its own set of challenges in construction and operation, however, including high initial capital costs, long construction timeframes, uncertainty in revenue streams (similar to all storage), and potential environmental impacts. The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) HydroWIRES initiative includes research to address each of these challenges. This report focuses on potential environmental impacts: specifically, the degree to which impacts can be reduced by using closed-loop pumped storage systems as opposed to the traditionally more common open loop systems.
Technology Application
Pumped Storage
Research Category
Environmental and Sustainability
Research Sub-Category
Status
complete
Completion Date
2020
- Pumped Storage
Closed-Loop Pumped Storage Hydropower Motivations and Considerations
Lead Companies
EPRI
Lead Researcher (s)
- Joe Stekli
In order to integrate large-scale renewable energy generation projects, energy storage—at both the transmission and distribution levels—is essential. A 2018 report from the U.S. Department of Energy forecasted an opportunity for 36 GW of new pumped storage capacity in the United States by 2050. Pumped-storage hydropower (PSH) is the market-leading and most established form of grid-related energy storage in the world today. Its numerous benefits versus other long-duration, grid-scale energy storage technologies include low levelized lifecycle cost.Closed-loop PSH technology, which relies on manmade reservoirs not connected to rivers, lakes, or other natural water features, has been proposed as a way to avoid some of the siting and permitting challenges associated with traditional open-loop PSH. However, the extent to which some siting and permitting challenges can be avoided by closed-loop PSH systems might be limited by project characteristics, such as the clearing of previously undisturbed land and the need for surface or groundwater sources for initial reservoir fill and periodic water withdrawals. Although various regulatory and policy frameworks are advancing to promote the development of closed-loop PSH, there is still variability in how such projects are defined and uncertainty regarding the market and environmental sustainability of such projects relative to competing technologies.
Technology Application
Pumped Storage
Research Category
Research Sub-Category
Status
complete
Completion Date
2020
- Pumped Storage
Commissioning Prize for Pump Storage
Lead Companies
PNNL
Lead Researcher (s)
- Bo Saulsbury
Furthering Advancements to Solve Time to Commissioning Prize (FAST Commissioning Prize) that will seek innovative ideas on ways to reduce the time and costs associated with PSH from concept to commissioning. PNNL supports the technical analysis, as well as the voucher program to be supplied to prize finalists and winners.
Technology Application
Pumped Storage
Research Category
Regulatory Management Process
Research Sub-Category
Status
ongoing
Completion Date
TBD
- Pumped Storage
Development of Long-Duration Energy Storage in Electric Power Systems
Lead Companies
EPRI
Lead Researcher (s)
- Joe Stekli
Energy storage is a topic of increasing interest for purposes of decarbonization of the electric power system, and in particular to address integration of increasing quantities of variable energy resources, such as wind and solar PV. A growing focus of decarbonization analyses is the need for new long-duration storage and the potential change in operations of existing pumped storage hydropower. A limitation of much of the analysis on this topic to date has been the limited consideration of how the economic value of long-duration storage will be affected by the large deployments of short-duration energy storage, primarily lithium-ion BESS, which are currently receiving state policy support (through mandates or financial incentives) or are otherwise expected to enter the market based upon increasingly favorable economics.. The contribution of this article is to review the literature on this topic, update some simulation results, and help to advance the methodological questions which need to be addressed in subsequent simulation studies. The article examines each of the major components of potential long-duration storage value, including energy time-shift, different ancillary services, and Resource Adequacy (RA) capacity. It also draws attention to how state policies, resource planning methods, and market structure and regulatory factors can influence selection of different types of energy storage, whether short- or long-duration.
Technology Application
Pumped Storage
Research Category
Interconnect Integration and Markets
Research Sub-Category
Markets
Status
complete
Completion Date
2020
- Pumped Storage
Hydropower Valuation Guidance and Research Program Review
Lead Companies
PNNL
Lead Researcher (s)
- Patrick Balducci
The objective of this project is to advance the state of the art in assessing the value of PSH plants and their contributions to the power system. The specific goal is to develop a detailed, step-by-step valuation guidebook that PSH developers, plant owners or operators, and other stakeholders can use to assess the value of existing or potential new PSH projects.
Technology Application
Pumped Storage
Research Category
Interconnect Integration and Markets
Research Sub-Category
Renewable Integration
Status
ongoing
Completion Date
TBD
- Pumped Storage
PSH TES Tool
Lead Companies
PNNL
Lead Researcher (s)
- Patrick Balducci
This project will develop a set of online tools that industry, regulators, and other stakeholders could adopt and use to advance PSH projects in the US. Current efforts include completing the process of defining the needs of industry and developing a PSH valuation tool.
Technology Application
Pumped Storage
Research Category
Regulatory Management Process
Research Sub-Category
Status
ongoing
Completion Date
TBD
- Pumped Storage
Pumped Storage Hydro Operations and Benefits in the United States: Review and Case-Studies
Lead Companies
EPRI
Lead Researcher (s)
- Joe Stekli
In recent years, there has been growing interest in how ongoing changes to the electric power resource mix, wholesale markets, and utility operations will affect valuation of existing pumped storage hydro (PSH) plants as well as create opportunities for expansion or repowering of those plants, and construction of new PSH plants. This study conducts comparative case studies of recent and future economic benefits—and any other benefits—of three large existing PSH plants: the New York Power Authority’s (NYPA) Blenheim-Gilboa plant located in New York, and Duke Energy Carolina’s Bad Creek and Jocassee plants, both located in South Carolina. The objective is to examine the policy, market, and utility operating environment for these plants in detail, and to gather both public and certain non-public utility data on recent historical performance and forecasts of future operations. The framework shown here can then be further developed and applied to other existing PSH plants as a basis for improved communication and analysis regarding these plants’ historical and future economic costs and benefits.
Technology Application
Pumped Storage
Research Category
Interconnect Integration and Markets
Research Sub-Category
Markets
Status
complete
Completion Date
2020
- Pumped Storage
Pumped Storage Hydropower (PSH) FAST Commissioning Prize Technical Analysis
Lead Companies
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Lead Researcher (s)
- Boualem Hadjerioua
The US energy landscape has undergone major changes over the past 10 years and will continue to see significant changes in future decades as the power grid increases its reliance on variable renewable energy resources. Because of the inherent variability of these resources, renewable energy growth may require additional energy storage capacity to provide flexible load-following capabilities and other grid services that can quickly adjust to changes in energy demand and generation. Pumped storage hydropower (PSH)—one such energy storage technology—uses pumps to convey water from a lower reservoir to an upper reservoir for energy storage and releases water back to the lower reservoir via a powerhouse for hydropower generation. PSH facility pump and generation cycling often follows economic and energy demand conditions. Across the United States, 43 PSH facilities are in operation and 55 projects are in various permitting or licensing stages. Altogether, the 43 operational projects provide the wide majority (95%) of utility-scale electricity storage in the United States. These facilities also provide significant power and nonpower grid benefits, including large-scale electrical system reserve capacity, grid reliability support, and electricity supply-demand balancing through quick-response capabilities and operational flexibility. PSH systems can accomplish these at a scale (e.g., size) and cost that makes these systems highly attractive from a technical standpoint. Although these research concepts are still in their infancy, they demonstrate promising potential as future PSH energy storage technologies. Although PSH has many advantages, development in the United States has effectively stalled since the 1990s, partially because of the magnitude of project costs and financing interest during development and construction, the length of time from project investment until project revenue begins, permitting challenges, construction risks, competition from other storage technologies (e.g., batteries, hydrogen storage), and electricity market evolution and uncertainty. In short, the time, cost, and risk associated with modern PSH development have resulted in limited growth in the United States recently, despite the growing energy storage demand stemming from increased wind and solar power deployment. Technology innovation is needed to help reduce PSH commissioning time, cost, and risk, particularly during the post-licensing phase of project development. To address challenges facing the PSH industry and to improve PSH commissioning timelines, the US Department of Energy (DOE) Water Power Technologies Office (WPTO) initiated the PSH Furthering Advancements to Shorten Time to (FAST) Commissioning Prize project.
Technology Application
Pumped Storage
Research Category
Technology
Research Sub-Category
Future Grid
Status
complete
Completion Date
2020
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